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DBMS > Cassandra vs. eXtremeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. eXtremeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score104.59
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.66
Rank#239  Overall
#109  Relational DBMS
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.mcobject.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMcObjectMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2008200119891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.2, 2021SQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availableyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes infoby defining eventsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning / shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleActive Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraeXtremeDBMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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