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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTime Series DBMS based on CassandraWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropennms.github.io/­newtswww.postgresql.orgrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorergithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wikiwww.postgresql.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftOpenNMS GroupPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2008201920141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2004
Current release4.1.3, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases16.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionall fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
Java API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnonoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNewtsPostgreSQLRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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