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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Raima Database Manager vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Raima Database Manager vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_Vista  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSRDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database serverA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.48
Rank#261  Overall
#122  Relational DBMS
#22  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverraima.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.raima.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftRaima Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20132008198919842016
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 202215, June 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoExporting/Importing of XML structures possibleno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infobased on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more
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