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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. Newts vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. Newts vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsTime Series DBMS based on CassandraRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.81
Rank#217  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#99  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgneo4j.comopennms.github.io/­newtsrdf4j.orgtypedb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestneo4j.com/­docsgithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wikirdf4j.org/­documentationtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookNeo4j, Inc.OpenNMS GroupSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Vaticle
Initial release20082007201420042016
Current release4.1.3, July 20235.18.1, March 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucenenoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nononono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
Java API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaJava
PHP
Python
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnoyesno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handlernoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yes using Neo4j FabricSharding infobased on CassandranoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyselectable replication factor infobased on CassandranoneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)nonoyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraNeo4jNewtsRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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