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DBMS > Cassandra vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed reliable key-value storeNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score104.59
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score7.66
Rank#55  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score0.66
Rank#239  Overall
#109  Relational DBMS
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score3.86
Rank#90  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#7  Wide column stores
Score2.69
Rank#115  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.mcobject.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablequestdb.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMcObjectGoogleQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release2008200120152014
Current release4.1.3, July 20233.4, August 20198.2, 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLnoSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnono
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesyes infoby defining eventsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning / shardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraetcdeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud BigtableQuestDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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