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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Milvus

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Milvus

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument storeVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.96
Rank#48  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgdgraph.iofirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoremilvus.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoremilvus.io/­docs/­overview.md
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.Google
Initial release2008201620172019
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaGoC++, Go
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and String
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nonono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsno
Triggersyesnoyes, with Cloud Functionsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoUsing Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDyesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Role based access control and fine grained access rights
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDgraphGoogle Cloud FirestoreMilvus
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
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