DBMS > Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. OrientDB vs. SAP IQ vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. OrientDB vs. SAP IQ vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

column-oriented

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	103.86
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.76
Rank	#145	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	3.27
Rank	#97	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#15	Key-value stores

Score	3.27
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.34
Rank	#285	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#130	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

www.datomic.com

orientdb.org

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sybase-iq-big-data-management.html

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.datomic.com

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_IQ

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Cognitect

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

SAP, formerly Sybase

Yandex

Initial release

2008

2012

2010

1994

2019

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

3.2.29, March 2024

16.1 SPS04, April 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Clojure
Java

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Java, Javascript

yes

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Hooks

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

shared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication

SAP/Sybase Replication Server

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

could be achieved with distributed queries

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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