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DBMS > Cassandra vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCockroach LabsGoogle
Initial release200820152017
Current release4.1.3, July 202323.1.1, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.
Implementation languageJavaGo
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonono
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCockroachDBGoogle Cloud Spanner
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
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