DBMS > BigchainDB vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. H2

System Properties Comparison BigchainDB vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

BigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assets

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.82
Rank	#212	Overall
	#36	Document stores

Score	2.15
Rank	#123	Overall
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	1.48
Rank	#158	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

bigchaindb.readthedocs.io/en/latest

docs.citusdata.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Initial release

2016

2010

2016

2005

Current release

8.1, December 2018

2.2.220, July 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL v3

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Python

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Exploring the 10 BEST Python Libraries for Blockchain Applications
9 September 2023, DataDrivenInvestor

An Introduction to BigchainDB, a Popular Blockchain Database
17 September 2020, Open Source For You

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13 February 2016, CoinReport

Using BigchainDB: A Database with Blockchain Characteristics
20 January 2022, Open Source For You

What is BigchainDB Technology & How it works and the Characteristics?
26 August 2017, Blockchain Council

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26 May 2021, Business Wire

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