DBMS > Badger vs. dBASE vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Badger vs. dBASE vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.14
Rank	#328	Overall
	#48	Key-value stores

Score	9.16
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.dbase.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

DGraph Labs

Asthon Tate

Codenotary

Microsoft

Initial release

2017

1979

2020

1989

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

dBase proprietary IDE

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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