this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.14
Rank	#328	Overall
	#48	Key-value stores

Score	45.20
Rank	#20	Overall
	#14	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#61	Key-value stores
	#16	Vector DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.claris.com/filemaker

www.jaguardb.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

Technical documentation

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.claris.com/resources/documentation

www.jaguardb.com/support.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

Developer

DGraph Labs

Claris

a subsidiary of Apple

DataJaguar, Inc.

Microsoft

Initial release

2017

1983

2015

2019

Current release

19.4.1, November 2021

3.3 July 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

the server part. Clients available in other languages

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

iOS

client part only
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

A http query request can return the data in XML format

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

via plugins

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

but no views, foreign keys, triggers

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

APIs and other access methods

Filemaker WebDirect
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

PHP

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication, warm standby

since Version 14

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

simple rights management via user accounts and connection to external directory services

rights management via user accounts

Azure Active Directory Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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