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DBMS > Axibase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Axibase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAxibase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable TimeSeries DBMS based on HBase with integrated rule engine and visualizationGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.32
Rank#288  Overall
#25  Time Series DBMS
Score3.58
Rank#92  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#106  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websiteaxibase.com/­docs/­atsd/­financecloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAxibase CorporationGoogleGoogleMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20132015201720192009
Current release15585cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoCommunity Edition (single node) is free, Enterprise Edition (distributed) is paidcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoshort, integer, long, float, double, decimal, stringnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Proprietary protocol (Network API)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
AxibaseGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRethinkDB
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