DBMS > ArangoDB vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.77
Rank	#87	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	8.96
Rank	#48	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Score	62.59
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	29.85
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Website

arangodb.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

hive.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

Technical documentation

docs.arangodb.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

Social network pages

Developer

ArangoDB Inc.

Cockroach Labs

Google

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2015

2017

2012

2014

Current release

3.11.5, November 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

3.1.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Data scheme

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

JSON types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

JDBC

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

JavaScript

Triggers

yes, with Cloud Functions

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

since version 2.0

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Using Cloud Dataflow

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

yes

Role-based access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more

Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more

- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more

Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more

Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more

12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.