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DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. MongoDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. MongoDB vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Wide column storeDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.22
Rank#84  Overall
#14  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#11  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score104.59
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score424.53
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score4.39
Rank#82  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#44  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitearangodb.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.mongodb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.arangodb.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookYouTubeInstagram
DeveloperArangoDB Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMongoDB, IncOpenLink Software
Initial release2012200820091998
Current release3.11.5, November 20234.1.3, July 20236.0.7, June 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)no
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionschema-freeschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interfaceyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsAQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptnoJavaScriptyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infosince version 2.0Sharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication with configurable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptyesyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsnono infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2yes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ArangoDBCassandraMongoDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsGraph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesConsolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosNative multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersCisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsVery permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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Apache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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