DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.02
Rank	#130	Overall
	#63	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#105	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	3.90
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Website

phoenix.apache.org

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.h2database.com

hsqldb.org

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Thomas Mueller

Initial release

2014

2017

2005

2001

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions
11 August 2021, Krishna Maheshwari (sponsor)

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Recent citations in the news

Supercharge SQL on Your Data in Apache HBase with Apache Phoenix | Amazon Web Services
2 June 2016, AWS Blog

Bridge the SQL-NoSQL gap with Apache Phoenix
4 February 2016, InfoWorld

Apache Calcite, FreeMarker, Gora, Phoenix, and Solr updated
27 March 2017, SDTimes.com

What Is HBase? (Definition, Uses, Benefits, Features)
22 December 2022, Built In

Azure HDInsight Analytics Platform Now Supports Apache Hadoop 3.0
18 April 2019, eWeek

provided by Google News

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

Google Cloud Spanner competes directly with Amazon DynamoDB
12 October 2023, Techzine Europe

provided by Google News

HyperSQL DataBase flaw leaves library vulnerable to RCE
24 October 2022, The Daily Swig

Introduction to JDBC with HSQLDB tutorial
14 November 2022, TheServerSide.com

provided by Google News

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