DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. EJDB vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. EJDB vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Embeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.02
Rank	#130	Overall
	#63	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#123	Overall
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	0.30
Rank	#294	Overall
	#44	Document stores

Score	93.81
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	19.15
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

phoenix.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

docs.citusdata.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/README.md

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Softmotions

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2014

2010

2012

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

8.1, December 2018

11.3.2, February 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

GPLv2

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux

server-less

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, bool, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

in-process shared library

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

typically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possible

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/Write Locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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