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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#175  Overall
#81  Relational DBMS
Score8.14
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score23.95
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score125.38
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgkylin.apache.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.snowflake.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlkylin.apache.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncThomas MuellerMicrosoftSnowflake Computing Inc.
Initial release20132015200520162014
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.1.0, July 20202.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJavaC#
Java
PHP
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnoyesnono infosimilar concept for controling cloud resources
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaApache KylinH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSnowflake
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