DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. Titan

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Name	Apache Jena - TDB  Xexclude from comparison	Google Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison	Heroic  Xexclude from comparison	Titan  Xexclude from comparison
				Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
Description	A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework	A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.	Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch	Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database model	RDF store	Relational DBMS	Time Series DBMS	Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems Trend Chart	Score 2.89 Rank #105   Overall #3   RDF stores	Score 3.73 Rank #90   Overall #47   Relational DBMS	Score 0.25 Rank #280   Overall #22   Time Series DBMS
Website	jena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.html	cloud.google.com/­spanner	spotify.github.io/­heroic/­#!/­index	titan.thinkaurelius.com
Technical documentation	jena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.html	cloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs	spotify.github.io/­heroic/­#!/­docs/­overview	github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer	Apache Software Foundation originally developed by HP Labs	Google	Spotify	Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release	2000	2017	2014	2012
Current release	4.5.0, May 2022
License Commercial or Open Source	Open Source Apache License, Version 2.0	commercial	Open Source Apache 2.0	Open Source Apache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service	no	yes	no	no
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Implementation language	Java		Java	Java
Server operating systems	All OS with a Java VM	hosted		Linux OS X Unix Windows
Data scheme	yes RDF Schemas	yes	schema-free	yes
Typing predefined data types such as float or date	yes	yes	yes	yes
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.		no	no
Secondary indexes	yes	yes	yes via Elasticsearch	yes
SQL Support of SQL	no	yes Query statements complying to ANSI 2011	no	no
APIs and other access methods	Fuseki REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface Jena RDF API RIO RDF Input/Output	gRPC (using protocol buffers) API JDBC At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements. RESTful HTTP API	HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language) HTTP API	Java API TinkerPop Blueprints TinkerPop Frames TinkerPop Gremlin TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages	Java	Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python		Clojure Java Python
Server-side scripts Stored procedures	yes	no	no	yes
Triggers	yes via event handler	no	no	yes
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes	none	Sharding	Sharding	yes via pluggable storage backends
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes	none	Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.	yes	yes
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods	no	yes using Google Cloud Dataflow	no	yes via Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system		Immediate Consistency	Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency	Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys Referential integrity		yes by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity	no	yes Relationships in graph
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data	ACID TDB Transactions	ACID Strict serializable isolation	no	ACID
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data	yes	yes	yes	yes
Durability Support for making data persistent	yes	yes	yes	yes Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.		no	no
User concepts Access control	Access control via Jena Security	Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)		User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server
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	Apache Jena - TDB	Google Cloud Spanner	Heroic	Titan
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