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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGeoMesa  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkGeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.81
Rank#214  Overall
#4  Spatial DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.27
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.geomesa.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.org
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.geomesa.org/­documentation/­stable/­user/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCCRi and othersMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release2018201420192010
Current release1.1.0, April 20234.0.5, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache License 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScalaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascript
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)depending on storage layerSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasdepending on storage layeryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
depending on storage layerEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesdepending on storage layerno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesyes infodepending on the DBMS used for storageAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
Apache IoTDBGeoMesaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDB
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