DBMS > Apache Impala vs. GreptimeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Splunk vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. GreptimeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Splunk vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An open source Time Series DBMS built for increased scalability, high performance and efficiency

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Analytics Platform for Big Data

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#352	Overall
	#33	Time Series DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	86.45
Rank	#14	Overall
	#2	Search engines

Website

impala.apache.org

greptime.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.splunk.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.greptime.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Greptime Inc.

Microsoft

Splunk Inc.

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

2022

1989

2003

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Limited free edition and free developer edition available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Android
Docker
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Splunk Search Processing Language for search commands

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
HTTP API
JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP REST

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Python

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

A 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Simple rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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