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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLSpatial extension of H2Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.h2gis.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homelearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCNRSMicrosoft
Initial release2013201020131989
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoLGPL 3.0commercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infobased on H2Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infobased on H2yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on H2fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusH2GISMicrosoft SQL Server
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Conferences, events and webinars

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Recent citations in the news

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