DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Snowflake vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Snowflake vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

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Trend Chart

Score	3.20
Rank	#106	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	120.89
Rank	#11	Overall
	#8	Relational DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#353	Overall
	#48	Document stores

Website

druid.apache.org

www.snowflake.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2014

2019

Current release

27.0.0, August 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

hosted

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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