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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataHigh performance Time Series DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score121.33
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgkx.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.snowflake.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcode.kx.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSnowflake Computing Inc.
Initial release20122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20031989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release29.0.1, April 20243.6, May 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaqC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like query language (q)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resources
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedhorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidKdbPostgreSQLSnowflake
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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More resources
Apache DruidKdbPostgreSQLSnowflake
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