DBMS > Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. RocksDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. RocksDB vs. Stardog

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Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.68
Rank	#76	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

duckdb.org/docs

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Facebook, Inc.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2012

2018

2013

2010

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

0.10, February 2024

8.11.4, April 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

BSD

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

server-less

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

C++ API
Java API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users and roles

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