DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. RDF4J vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. RDF4J vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.48
Rank	#158	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	134.78
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

druid.apache.org

dgraph.io

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

rdf4j.org

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

dgraph.io/docs

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Elastic

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2016

2010

2004

2013

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

8.6, January 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

yes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Planned for future releases

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