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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Wide column storeDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.29
Rank#95  Overall
#49  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score10.26
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogle
Initial release2012200820052017
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.3, July 20233.3.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaErlang
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoView functions in JavaScriptno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCassandraCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud Spanner
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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