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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataUltra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.28
Rank#119  Overall
#23  Document stores
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.29
Rank#95  Overall
#49  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#252  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#327  Overall
#30  Time Series DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgdruid.apache.orgwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerquasar.ai
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation and contributorsHarperDBMicrosoftquasardb
Initial release20122012201720192009
Current release1.20.3, January 202329.0.1, April 20243.1, August 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache license v2commercial infofree community edition availablecommercialcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaNode.jsC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
hostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infoschema-less columns are supporteddynamic schemaFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL for queryingSQL-like data manipulation statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC++Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoAtomic execution of specific operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyes, using LMDByesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenoyesnoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users and rolesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache DrillApache DruidHarperDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuasardb
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