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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score106.65
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score46.15
Rank#20  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score113.08
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgneo4j.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestneo4j.com/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookNeo4j, Inc.Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release200820072000
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20245.23, August 20243.46.1  (13 August 2024), August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)no
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraNeo4jSQLite
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Recent citations in the news

IBM plans to buy open source Cassandra wrangler DataStax
25 February 2025, The Register

Best practices for running Apache Cassandra with Amazon EBS
8 November 2024, AWS Blog

New Apache Cassandra 5.0 gives open source NoSQL database a scalability and performance boost
6 September 2024, VentureBeat

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25 February 2025, The Stack

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19 November 2024, PYMNTS.com

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