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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score97.61
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score42.51
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.03
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgneo4j.comorientdb.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestneo4j.com/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookNeo4j, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release200820072010
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20245.23, August 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, Javascript
Triggersyesyes infovia event handlerHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraNeo4jOrientDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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