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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score108.05
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#176  Overall
#30  Document stores
#16  Graph DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannersurrealdb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docssurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release200820172022
Current release5.0-rc1, July 2024v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaRust
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnono
Triggersyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes, based on authentication and database rules
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerSurrealDB
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More resources
Apache CassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerSurrealDB
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