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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.63
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.94
Rank#207  Overall
#96  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdoc.nuodb.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201420131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release16.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestrictedyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonJavaScriptJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNuoDBPostgreSQL
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