DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hive vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hive vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	19.03
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	14.03
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	15.00
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	62.59
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1234.27
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

hive.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

firebase.google.com/docs/database

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2013

2012

1980

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1.3, April 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

limited functionality with using 'rules'

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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