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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.63
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.08
Rank#132  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servernsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.datomic.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servernsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)CognitectMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20122012201419892017
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJava, ClojureC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardnoSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonyes infoTransaction FunctionsJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftDatomicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerNSDb
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