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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.63
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#129  Overall
#61  Relational DBMS
Score2.08
Rank#132  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.07
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comwww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comdocs.datomic.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)CognitectMicrosoft
Initial release20122010201220142017
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.6735, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCCJava, ClojureJava, Scala
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoTransaction FunctionsJavaScriptno
TriggersnoyesBy using transaction functionsJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes inforecommended only for testing and development
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusDatomicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNSDb
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