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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.63
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score104.59
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.37
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleOracle
Initial release2012200820171980
Current release4.1.3, July 202323c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageCJavaC and C++
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonnonoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerOracle
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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