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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.82
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.81
Rank#110  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverrethinkdb.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Stardog-Union
Initial release2017198920092010
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20222.4.1, August 20207.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding inforange basednone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-document operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft SQL ServerRethinkDBStardog
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