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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
RDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.82
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.38
Rank#96  Overall
#17  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Score0.72
Rank#234  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score45.49
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverorientdb.orgrdf4j.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.SAP
Initial release20171989201020042010
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20223.2.29, March 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query language, no joinsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, JavascriptyesSQLScript, R
TriggersnoyesHooksyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replicationnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablenoyes

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft SQL ServerOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSAP HANA
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