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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.82
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score2.62
Rank#117  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score2.36
Rank#124  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.56
Rank#253  Overall
#115  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBSymasVesoft Inc.
Initial release20172013201120192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 202410 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesnononoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoSQL-like query languageyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynouser defined functionsuser defined functions
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBLMDBNebulaGraphPostgres-XL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBLMDBNebulaGraphPostgres-XL
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