DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. JanusGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. JanusGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#112	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	1.07
Rank	#188	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	3.90
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	1.91
Rank	#135	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.h2database.com

hsqldb.org

janusgraph.org

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.janusgraph.org

Developer

Amazon

FoundationDB

Thomas Mueller

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

Initial release

2017

2013

2005

2001

2017

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

0.6.3, February 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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