DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Riak TS

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Riak TS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Distributed Database based on Lucene

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KV

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#112	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.73
Rank	#229	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#16	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	93.81
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	0.25
Rank	#308	Overall
	#26	Time Series DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

cratedb.com

github.com/google/leveldb

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

cratedb.com/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/ts/latest

Developer

Amazon

Crate

Google

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Open Source, formerly Basho Technologies

Initial release

2017

2013

2011

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2015

Current release

1.23, February 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

3.0.0, September 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Erlang

Server operating systems

hosted

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes, limited

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions (Javascript)

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Erlang

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

links between datasets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantages

Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenarios

IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customers

Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing models

See CrateDB pricing >
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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