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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. LeanXcale vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. LeanXcale vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#112  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#283  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#128  Relational DBMS
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.leanxcale.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.nebula-graph.io
DeveloperAmazonCockroach LabsFoundationDBLeanXcaleVesoft Inc.
Initial release20172015201320152019
Current release23.1.1, May 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemaschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesStrong typed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infothrough Apache DerbySQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCJDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functions
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesin SQL-layer onlyyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlnoRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBFoundationDBLeanXcaleNebulaGraph
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBFoundationDBLeanXcaleNebulaGraph
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