DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. MongoDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. MongoDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#112	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.76
Rank	#145	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	423.96
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.datomic.com

www.mongodb.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.datomic.com

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

Developer

Amazon

Cockroach Labs

Cognitect

MongoDB, Inc

Initial release

2017

2015

2012

2009

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

6.0.7, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.

MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Clojure
Java

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

JavaScript

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

optional, enabled by default

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
» more

Competitive advantages

- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Typical application scenarios

Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more

AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Key customers

Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more

ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metrics

12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more

Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
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MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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