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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#112  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.73
Rank#108  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score29.85
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecassandra.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Microsoft
Initial release20172008201020142017
Current release4.1.3, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaErlangC++
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by default
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptJavaScriptyes
TriggersnoyesyesJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyeswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*yes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infoatomic operations within a document possibleMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneCassandraIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTigerGraph
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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