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DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. DuckDB vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. DuckDB vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score77.57
Rank#16  Overall
#2  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbduckdb.orgnsdb.iowww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodbduckdb.org/­docsnsdb.io/­Architecturewww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazonPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2012201820171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release0.10, February 202416.2, February 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationsOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++Java, ScalaCClojure
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessLinux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyes infoby integration with AWS Lambdanoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Immediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesUsing Apache Luceneyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon DynamoDBDuckDBNSDbPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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