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DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Galaxybase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Galaxybase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGalaxybase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed Database based on LuceneScalable, ACID-compliant native distributed parallel graph platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score77.72
Rank#16  Overall
#2  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#129  Overall
#61  Relational DBMS
Score0.76
Rank#226  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#18  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#364  Overall
#39  Graph DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbwww.citusdata.comcratedb.comgalaxybase.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodbdocs.citusdata.comcratedb.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazonCrateChuanglin(Createlink) Technology Co., Ltd 浙江创邻科技有限公司PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20122010201320171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release8.1, December 2018Nov 20, November 202116.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationsOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCJavaC and JavaC
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)Strong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Graph API (Gremlin)
OpenCypher
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
Go
Java
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions (Javascript)user defined procedures and functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infoby integration with AWS Lambdayesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon DynamoDBCitusCrateDBGalaxybasePostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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