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DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database serviceDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument storeDocument storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.80
Rank#148  Overall
#25  Document stores
Score2.79
Rank#113  Overall
#21  Document stores
Score0.33
Rank#287  Overall
#38  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­documentdbwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­documentdb/­resourcescloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014LeanXcaleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20192010201520141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release16.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageErlangC
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infothrough Apache DerbySQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible)RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoyesJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicasMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)yesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possiblenoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-document operationsno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon DocumentDBIBM CloudantLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQL
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