DBMS > Altibase vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Altibase vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMS

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.00
Rank	#194	Overall
	#91	Relational DBMS

Score	0.25
Rank	#307	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

altibase.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

github.com/ALTIBASE/Documents/tree/master/Manuals

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Altibase

Codenotary

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1999

2020

1989

2010

Current release

v7.3, 2023, August 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open source edition discontinued with March 2023

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

ANSI SQL-92

SQL-like syntax

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C
C++
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

stored procedures and stored functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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