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DBMS > Altibase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Altibase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAltibase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.00
Rank#194  Overall
#91  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitealtibase.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­ALTIBASE/­Documents/­tree/­master/­Manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAltibaseGoogleMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release1999201719892010
Current releasev7.3, 2023, August 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoOpen source edition discontinued with March 2023commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsAIX
HP-UX
Linux
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLANSI SQL-92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C++
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresstored procedures and stored functionsnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
AltibaseGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft SQL ServerStardog
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