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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.84
Rank#204  Overall
#35  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#10  Vector DBMS
Score1.55
Rank#144  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comwww.datomic.comduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbneo4j.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmldocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperFranz Inc.CognitectFoundationDBNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20042012201820132007
Current release8.0, December 20231.0.7180, July 20241.0.0, June 20246.2.28, November 20205.23, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languagenoyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
RESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispyes infoTransaction Functionsnoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsnonoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith Federationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationnononoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphDatomicDuckDBFoundationDBNeo4j
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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