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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDB vs. Alibaba Cloud MaxCompute vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TerminusDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDB vs. Alibaba Cloud MaxCompute vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TerminusDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDB  Xexclude from comparisonAlibaba Cloud MaxCompute  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.MaxCompute (previously known as ODPS) is a general purpose, fully managed, multi-tenancy data processing platform for large-scale data warehousingGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoa graph-processing framework is available with the graphs being stored in tablesKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.49
Rank#266  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score0.80
Rank#220  Overall
#102  Relational DBMS
Score3.86
Rank#90  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#7  Wide column stores
Score0.23
Rank#323  Overall
#28  Graph DBMS
Score4.39
Rank#82  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#44  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­polardbwww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­maxcomputecloud.google.com/­bigtableterminusdb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­polardb/­product-overviewwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­maxcomputecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAlibabaAlibabaGoogleDataChemist Ltd.OpenLink Software
Initial release2016201520181998
Current release11.0.0, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageProlog, RustC
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Fluentd
Flume
MaxCompute Console
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
JavaC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions infoin Javanoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingGraph Partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesJournaling StreamsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDBAlibaba Cloud MaxComputeGoogle Cloud BigtableTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApsaraDB for PolarDB is a cloud-native relational database 100% compatible with MySQL...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesWebinar: Top Scientists Live: Tech Secrets to Double 11's Success Revealed. White...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosCreating a Robust Cloud-Based Database for Fintech, E-Commerce and Gaming. Learn...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSpecification and pricing. You can use either of the following billing methods to...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Alibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDBAlibaba Cloud MaxComputeGoogle Cloud BigtableTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVirtuoso
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